☀️Solar & Photovoltaic (PV)
Solar & Photovoltaic (PV) & Solar Output Calculator
Solar yield, SEG export & battery sizing
📍Location-calibrated simulation by town or outward postcode:
⌘K
Yield Model
Solar Yield London
Simulated with local solar irradiance (986 kWh/kWp) and roof geometry.
Annual Yield
4,437Peak System Power
4.5 kWp
1 kWp (Small / Garage)20 kWp (Full Roof)
Roof Geometry
Annual Household Load
kWh
Electricity Unit Rate Auto-Sync
p/kWh
Currently calculating with: 25.4 p/kWh
📍London (986 kWh/kWp)
Energy Distribution
100% PVSelf-Consumed1,149 kWh26 % on-site
Grid Export (SEG)3,288 kWh74 % exported
Total Net Benefit
£687/ yr
approx. £57 monthly bill offsetUtility bill savings:+ £292
SEG export revenue:+ £395
Est. Hardware Cost~£6,686
Payback
~9.7 yrs❓Frequently Asked Questions: Solar & Photovoltaic (PV)
Key UK engineering benchmarks, Ofgem standards, and clean energy incentives at a glance:
How much electricity does a 1 kWp solar array produce in the UK?▼
In the United Kingdom, 1 kWp of installed solar PV generates approximately 850 to 1,050 kWh annually. Yields are highest along the South Coast (~1,050 kWh/kWp) and slightly lower in Northern England and Scotland (~850 kWh/kWp).
Do residential solar installations qualify for 0% VAT in the UK?▼
Yes. Residential solar PV panels and domestic battery storage qualify for 0% VAT relief on Energy-Saving Materials until March 2027, substantially lowering upfront capital outlay.
What is MCS certification and why is it essential?▼
The Microgeneration Certification Scheme (MCS) certifies installer competence and product quality. Having an MCS compliance certificate is a mandatory prerequisite to register for Smart Export Guarantee (SEG) payments.
How does the Smart Export Guarantee (SEG) pay for surplus solar?▼
Under the Smart Export Guarantee (SEG), licensed energy suppliers pay domestic solar owners for every kilowatt-hour exported to the National Grid. Competitive export tariffs range between 5p and 15p+ per kWh.
Do I need planning permission for rooftop solar panels?▼
In most UK residential properties, rooftop solar falls under Permitted Development Rights, meaning full planning permission is not required unless your home is listed or situated in a designated conservation area.
What DNO permissions are required (G98 vs G99)?▼
Systems with inverter output up to 3.68 kW (16A) on a single phase qualify for standard ENA G98 notification (fit and notify). Inverters exceeding 3.68 kW require prior application and approval under ENA G99 from your local Distribution Network Operator.
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Suggestion or Feature Request?
Are you missing a specific calculation, UK regional metric, or export tariff? We welcome any feedback from homeowners and energy professionals.
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